Philosophic Classics: From Plato to Derrida

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Philosophic Classics: From Plato to Derrida includes essential writings of the most important philosophers from almost two millennia of Western philosophy. In updating this Seventh Edition, editor Forrest E. Baird has continued to follow the same criteria established by the late-Walter Kaufmann when the Philosophic Classics series was first established: (1) to use complete works or, where more appropriate, complete sections of works (2) in clear translations (3) of texts central to each thinker’s philosophy or widely accepted as part of the "canon." To make the works more accessible to students, most footnotes treating textual matters (variant readings, etc.) have been omitted and important words from antiquity have been transliterated and put in angle brackets. In addition, each thinker is introduced by a brief essay composed of three sections: (1) biographical (a glimpse of the life), (2) philosophical (a résumé of the philosopher’s thought), and (3) bibliographical (suggestions for further reading).

A timeline places important philosophers alongside other important thinkers, world leaders, and major global events. Photos and paintings with explanatory captions illuminate the ideas, debates, and places discussed in the text.

Socrates and PlatoEuthyphroApologyCritoPhaedo (72c–83e, 114e–118b)Republic (Book I, 336b–342e, 347b–e; Book II, 357a–362c, 368a–376e; Book III, 412b–417b; Book IV, 427c–445e; Book V, 449–462e, 473b–e; and Books VI–VII, 502c–521b) 59

AristotlePhysics (Book II, complete)Metaphysics (Book I, 1–4, 6, 9; and Book XII, 6–9)On the Soul (Book II, Chapters 1–3; and Book III, 4–5)Nicomachean Ethics (Books I–II; Book IV, 3; Books VI–VII; and Book X, 6–8)

EpictetusHandbook (Enchiridion)

Pyrrho and Sextus EmpiricusOutlines of Pyrrhonism (Book I, 1–13)

PlotinusPorphyry’s Life of Plotinus (selections)Enneads (Ennead I, Tractate 6)

AugustineConfessions (Book VIII, 5, 8–12; and Book XI, 14–28)City of God (Book XI, Chapter 26; and Book XII, Chapters 1–9)

BoethiusThe Consolation of Philosophy (Book V, Chapter 6)

Anselm (and Gaunilo)Proslogion (Preface; Chapters 1–4)Gaunilo and Anselm: Debate (selections)

Hildegard of BingenScivias (Book I, Vision 4, 16–26)

Moses MaimonidesThe Guide for the Perplexed (Part II, Introduction)

Thomas AquinasSumma Theologica (selections)

William of OckhamSumma Logicae (On Universals Part I, Chapters 14–16)

Giovanni Pico della MirandolaOration on the Dignity of Man (in part)

Francis BaconNovum Organum (Preface, Book I, Chapters 3-4, 7-8, 11-12, 14, 19, 22, 24-25, 31, 36, 38-44; Book II, Chapter 10)

René DescartesMeditations on the First PhilosophyCorrespondence with Princess Elizabeth (selections)

Thomas HobbesLeviathan (selections from Chapters 1–3, 6, 9, 12–15, 17–18, 21)

Blaise PascalPensées (selections)

Baruch SpinozaEthics (Sections I and II)

John LockeAn Essay Concerning Human Understanding (abridged)

Jean-Jacques RousseauThe Social Contract (Book I)

Mary WollstonecraftA Vindication of the Rights of Woman (Chapter 6)

G.W.F. HegelPhenomenology of Spirit (B, IV, A: "Independence and Dependence of Self-Consciousness: Relations of Master and Servant")Lectures on the History of Philosophy ("The Final Result")

Søren KierkegaardFear and Trembling (Problema I: "Teleological Suspension of the Ethical")Concluding Unscientific Postscript (Section II, Chapter 2, "Subjective Truth, Inwardness; Truth Is Subjectivity")

Karl MarxTheses on FeuerbachEconomic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 ("Alienated Labor")Manifesto of the Communist Party (Chapters 1 and 2)A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (Preface)Notes on Bakunin’s Statehood and Anarchy (selections)

William JamesPragmatism (Lecture II: What Pragmatism Means)

Friedrich NietzscheThe Birth of Tragedy (Chapters 1–3)The Gay Science (selections)Twilight of the Idols (selections)The Anti-Christ (First Book, 2–7, 62)

Edmund HusserlPhenomenology (Encyclopaedia Brittanica article)

W.E.B. Du BoisThe Souls of Black Folk (Chapter 1)

Bertrand RussellThe Problems of Philosophy (Chapters 1 & 15)

Martin HeideggerIntroduction to Metaphysics (Chapter 1: "The Fundamental Question of Metaphysics") 1101

Ludwig WittgensteinTractatus Logico-Philosophicus (Preface Sections 1–3.1431,4, 4.06, 4.1, 5, 5.6, 6.4–7) 1131Philosophical Investigations (Paragraphs 1–47, 65–71, 241, 257–258, 305, 309) 1139

Language, Truth and Logic (Preface and Chapter 1: "Elimination of Metaphysics")

Simone De BeauvoirThe Second Sex (Introduction)

Jacques DerridaOf Grammatology ("The Written Being/The Being Written")